Ulcerative Colitis

Description

Introduction

Ulcerative colitis is a chronic disease of the large intestine, also known as the colon, in which the lining of the colon becomes inflamed and develops tiny open sores, or ulcers, that produce pus and mucous. The combination of inflammation and ulceration can cause abdominal discomfort and frequent emptying of the colon.

Ulcerative colitis is the result of an abnormal response by your body's immune system. Normally, the cells and proteins that make up the immune system protect you from infection. In people with IBD (inflammatory bowel disease), however, the immune system mistakes food, bacteria, and other materials in the intestine for foreign or invading substances. When this happens, the body sends white blood cells into the lining of the intestines, where they produce chronic inflammation and ulcerations.

Causes

Ulcerative colitis occurs when the lining of your large intestine (also called the colon), rectum, or both becomes inflamed. This inflammation produces tiny sores called ulcers on the lining of your colon. It usually begins in the rectum and spreads upward. It can involve your entire colon.

Although the trigger for ulcerative colitis remains unclear, researchers understand that the immune system undergoes an abnormal response to the colon. Your genes, environment, and immune system all play a role.

Treatment Plan

Common symptoms include the following:

Abdominal pain.

Increased abdominal sounds.

Bloody stools.

Diarrhoea.

Fever.

Rectal pain.

Weight loss.

Malnutrition.